Confucian culture on the financial Reflection - Jieduan King - Focus blog

 [Links] Zhiwu: A Reflection on the Confucian culture, finance, <> <> September 29, 2007 Sina Finance <> <> years, the Confucian culture once again become a hot topic, these discussions do not just limited to the cultural circle, but directly related to primary, secondary and college students spend much time reading each week, how much time to learn modern knowledge. In addition, the requirements established Confucianism as the state religion of the voice is not small, so believe it or not Confucianism is not a personal choice, or a whole society and the country's fundamental problems. In fact, some Neo-Confucian scholars claim to be million to establish the Confucius school in a foreign country, with specific actions to promote Confucian culture in the world. China is so big, bigger world, to do some of these things, but also not a bad idea. However, its effectiveness will be how to measure how serious this is .<><> may be another matter, of course, such as In 1901, that is lost in the Opium War, the United Kingdom, the Sino lost to Japan, China to defeat the Boxer Rebellion Boxer Rebellion, the Qing court was forced to escape in Xian, China, in times of crisis they were in subjugation, Mr. Gu Hongming claimed that further cultural movement culminated, in which Liang's remarks particularly, a new culture systems. ... out of this new system expansion, called all mankind to get his benefits. ... Our young people, ah, stand at attention, marching! sea side tens of thousands of people over there that, unhappy with the material Bankruptcy of sorrow stricken cries for help, he was waiting for you to Transcendence miles! predecessors admirable detachment and impartiality, of course, but it may be difficult to find these brave behind the theoretical basis of .1901 and 1919 before and after, are China's own national calamity overhead, little prospect of the country during that time also advocated taking China to come to the realm of cultural system that subjugated the country to save his life, it is indeed requires extraordinary courage. Another explanation is that there is a fundamental knowledge of Chinese traditional The the opposite situation with that period, China's economy today is rising, then we are only willing to credit their success, due to Chinese culture, nothing to do with the overall development of the world. That is, if his situation is not good, that is imposed on others I; If we succeed, it is in their own credit. So, anyway, our civilization seems to always be the finest. Thus, the rise in China's economic momentum in the period of today, once again heard the arrangements? Western civilization really just material, and Oriental civilization is more noble spiritual civilization it? a big step, but now it was discovered in the year struck down, culture of individual freedom is obviously difficult to root ?<><> no hard and fast, for example, with the Han Chinese culture today, the Han Chinese culture, Chinese culture of the Tang Dynasty, Song Zhaoming toward Chinese culture, and even the Chinese Republic culture is different, the dynamic changes of other cultures are much the same. If the culture is changing, then what is to promote change? why some cultural content of the passage of time that is enduring while others disappear? Here, we tried to finance, economics perspective to answer these questions, as far as possible away from the cultural perspective to understand the culture. we will find some kind of cultural content must be due to the needs of students, the same will not die for some, any culture content will be its function, because of social needs or life or death. In other words, once a cultural function will also be welcomed by other things to replace, then that item will end the life of cultural content. If so, we can immediately that with the economic and financial technology, society will inevitably need to change the cultural connotation. So, the simple sense of retro culture is not only wishful thinking, and no meaning, so-called that is why this is so .<><> culture, not like a lot of course content ?<><> culture is very broad, our concern is not as ; in the After the person overseas exchanges with others would not have any foundation. These elements are today's China as well as any community should reflect on this article .<><> taught the Confucian focus on ; three cardinal guides > <> whether ancient or modern, no man is born to two basic needs in the face, one is clothing, housing consumption of these materials, the so-called material life, ;, is the physiological needs; the other is psychological or spiritual needs that, the so-called spiritual life. from the survival of the need to see, the importance of material life should be first, followed by the spiritual life. These two kinds of basic needs of both the culture causes, but also cultural purposes .<><> all animals have their culture, and education level of an animal any connection with the viability of the animal related to the ability of individuals. In all the animals, people's self after birth capacity may be the worst, the weakest of the series, before the age of the baby by a nurse, even after one year old can eat normal food, can walk in 12,13, or before the age of a person living alone is difficult. In contrast, ability of strong self horse, pony born a day or two can stand to walk, it can quickly eat their own. but nevertheless, after birth, the colt will follow the mother, two months, the mare will be give motherly love, protection pony, inseparable, so, even horse reflects a certain , bitch for the protection of children demonstrated their ferocious, really selfless person close to her home territory as long as the scope will definitely come out to bite you bitch! So, the dog's home This will not yellow, white, black difference and different. In other words, the existence of any nation today, it must have the fundamental importance of the family culture, or that the nation can not continue to this day. The class culture for the family, in particular, regard the raising of children, care for an important position on the moral and ethical, which is the basic bottom line of ethnic survival. So, do not attach importance to the world, there is no child support responsibilities, lack of family values culture, this point of Confucian culture with other cultures, no difference .<><> addition to meeting the spirit of today's material consumption and demand, a person faces the challenge is more important concerns about the future of life, including material life of the future uncertainty of the income needed, the uncertainty of health, but also the future spiritual life and psychological state of uncertainty. uncertainty risk events can be natural disasters, for example, in accordance with Mr. Deng Yunte 1937 ; 17th century, a total of 507 sub-types of the disaster, a total of 411 times the 18th century, 19th century, 407 times, the first 35 years of the 20th century, there are 101 major disaster. These are not recorded in the annals of including small disaster, nor does it include frequent of war and peasant uprisings, large and small, hurried retreat during the individual course material life and spiritual life will be affected, these are systems that people want to avoid the risk of .<><> at the individual level, illness, traffic accidents or work accidents, house fires and other accidents can also cause property income, the loss on mental health, and Qu Xi, married women, houses, pension and other major expenditure items which are personal life to deal with the bad forecast event risk or large expenses. In addition, in the business, producing large and small investment will be the face of uncertainty, it may lose everything, possibly due to poor harvests .<><> these natural, bring their own society and individuals is difficult to avoid the risk of events is full of worries people, which forced people to look for to avoid future risks of material risks and the means of spiritual life, or a family, the probability of survival of a nation will be far less than 100%, the society can not be peace. generally speaking, human beings have two ways to avoid future risk of material and spiritual, one is through the development, standard of living, which of course can enhance the ability of individuals through the risk event. When the supply of materials to a balance of rich, even though the occurrence of natural disasters or production failures moment, that does not give a deadly crisis .<><> ; the other is through economic exchange between individuals, the spirit of the exchange to achieve mutual insurance, mutual aid, resource sharing effect, thereby enhance the ability of society to the hedge, but also better people through the economic tension, mental depression period. any society, the individual income between all the different risk characteristics and capacity, this difference so that they achieve through the exchange of mutual insurance, mutual effects of the allocation of resources. in the spiritual life is also true that different people will appear at different times emotions, the feelings of interpersonal exchange between the foundation provided. The question is, how to exchange? in economic benefits, financial products is to let different people (buyers and sellers) to achieve different states at different times and the material between exchange (of course, in the future, but a spirit of exchange). For example, the loan contract is to allow lenders to lend his money today, the other party to use, but when the borrower due to debt service, and the effect is a credit to today's income transfers to the future to spend, the borrower's future income transfers put to spend today. Other, such as life annuities, health insurance, life insurance, pension funds, stocks, bonds and other financial products, although the contract payment arrangements are different, the basic reason so. The problem is that these species until recent times of financial development, We'll return to this question, then, in the ancient and traditional societies, similar feelings of financial and insurance transactions and transactions rely on the spirit to do so? <> ; <> in primitive society, the production capacity is low, by hunting, picking wild fruit to make a living, the harvest of the risk is too high, go hunting for several days may be nothing, no food supply, of course, attend to the spirit of consumer needs ( so there is no civilization at all), the daily challenge of survival must be the primary problem. If the production and life of that time period an individual or family as a unit, then people will be very low viability, the human may soon become extinct. Therefore, the primitive tribe Then the person becomes avoid production risks, avoid risks of natural disasters, provide the original spirit of the consumption of the main organizations. While this tribal-public personal space flooded, and no family room, but at the time the production capacity constraints, the original Tribal Mutual Economic Assistance may be the best body and the social community, no formal contract financial transactions, but the tribe itself is the implicit trade-offs .<><> to the agricultural community, raising of meat animals in the room (poultry), food repeated cultivation in a fixed place, both the production of technological innovations greatly increased the productivity of mankind, so that greatly increased the supply of material necessary for survival and reduce the frequency of hunger. In this case, changes in human culture, people do not Tribal ownership is necessary to continue the economic self-help groups such as the kind of public ownership in order to support future risk assessments in order to achieve the effect, each person need to sacrifice too much personal space and personal freedom. as long as the productivity breakthrough for the individual capacity of independent living substantial increase, one must seek new, expanded space for individual freedom and social organization of economic organization, a new culture will come into being. This is the Armagh Taya. Sen said, the individual more freedom, If we are worried that the other will be deadbeat, does not fulfill its exchange obligations, mutual insurance mutual trade can not happen, people can not for the future viability of the material and spiritual confidence .<><> in agricultural society, business, especially finance, insurance, loans, securities also have developed, there is no market mutual insurance provided by mutual transactions. So, out of the public after the tribe, but also must find a new deal to ensure that material risks, the spirit of risk transactions proceed smoothly arrangements. At this time, the family, the clan became the basic physical and social community for Mutual Economic Assistance, family and kinship as Fidelity Mutual transaction to ensure the smooth progress of the natural base. home-based unit of course not the existence of full liberation of the individual does not mean that individuals complete freedom, but two main functions, one for Mutual Economic Assistance, a social function that is the spirit of mutual assistance. The economic function refers to the Implicit within the family there are all kinds of financial contractual relationship, the parents invest in offspring, so that future generations have hidden one owes to another home with the family, and so have lots to talk about some of the implicit debt can not tell the insurance liability. In order to support the to achieve these complex hidden financial contracts, which is derived from the Confucian culture and other traditional agricultural society to achieve the purpose of culture is 2,500 years of Confucian culture, background .<><> this Confucian culture and Xi <> <> In other words, there is no market for various types of insurance, loans, stocks, mutual funds, pension funds and other financial varieties impersonal under the premise of a family having children, preferably a son, to become the spirit of avoiding risk and risk of future substance specific means, the so-called species. parents Xu Aizi, maybe not love, this is not the most important key is the children grow up to be old age the interests of these transactions to reduce the uncertainty of stealth, designed to increase transaction security. As Mr. Xie Youwei in the . filial piety in Chinese culture, the role of large, high status, to the neglect of Chinese culture, filial piety, that is not really known in Chinese culture ; five cardinal unconditionally, and regardless of rational or irrational. according to Liang Shuming saying, As the name suggests. ... means that the ethical relationship between an obligation, a person does not appear to exist for their own sake, but there are other people who like each other. class organization, then the location of his birth to his class to the same responsibilities and obligations of life; whether adult before or after the 18-year-old adults, even children, and brother have six or seven years old, and everyone in the level of order the status of the same, always the elderly who speak only the obedient child points, only a few such as first or low, never self. this return on investment of other elderly people. From birth children, through the the wishes of those who feel guilty not to be ashamed .<><> individual rights, but in particular sub-defined hierarchical structure and responsibility do so in 2500 years of Chinese society remained basically unchanged (except for regime change), but This culture has emasculated the Chinese people's personality, castration of our creativity, the Chinese in 2500 failed to solve the food and clothing. emasculation of the personality structure of ultra-stable long-term consideration is the edge of starvation. Take all these years students to study in the United States, for example, those of us students and after graduation to work in the United States, although generally higher professional level, but with Americans, Indians, Latin Americans, Europeans, Chinese Confucian culture that often lack personality, used to listen to, but do not fight for their rights and interests. Western civilization is the material, while the Chinese civilization is a higher realm of spiritual civilization, and its seems to be based on modern Western industrial technology development, a rich material life, but only in recent years China has to solve the food and clothing .-- The logic is questionable, because very simple, well-developed western material production does not necessarily mean more than oriental spirit of civilization behind them, behind the East of material production does not necessarily mean that the spirit of our civilization advanced. will not be material and spiritual oriental civilization behind it ?<><> we can look at this issue from three aspects. First, the premise of a rich spiritual life is rich spiritual food supply, academic and literary art is the main source. two thousand years of Chinese academic around Confucianism, France, Mexico, Taoism playing circle, Buddhism entered China in the Han Dynasty and gradually, after Tang and Song dynasties have been promoting literature, poetry and other fields of development, there have been the development of Neo-Confucianism, but in general the two did not leave thousands of years ago and re-interpretation of the classic interpretation of the scope, and these basic philosophy and literature scholar limited to a small society, the vast majority of the illiterate of the spiritual life of society is limited. China is not as systematic as the organization of Western religion, regulate everyday behavior of Confucianism is not strictly religious. In this lack of formal rational and irrational view of life in the society, the public spirit of the world was left to Mao Zedong said the no where that spiritual high. but rather the Han Buddhism into China, the Ming Dynasty into the Catholic and other Christian expands our spiritual world. step back and say, ability to innovate, but also to inspire people not in the spirit of civilization on a More importantly, we focus on the spiritual pursuit of life, rather than excessive pursuit of material life. the pursuit of the spiritual life of the Chinese people may not be religious, but the family warmth and affection. But it is a friendship between very personal thing, everyone has different preferences and different personality, even with parents, brothers and sisters, the same personality and preferences is difficult, they are brothers and sisters not to know each other and the similarities with soul, not necessarily for higher than the original emotions of the soul-state, as arranged marriage, the responsibility of husband and wife know each other, a couple, but they may not be between the repressed society, emotional and psychological feelings of the world can fly to the plain outside the .<><> Third, the core of Chinese culture focus is to maintain function, which is bound to inhibit the connotation of Chinese culture and spiritual civilization. From a certain sense, even food and clothing did not completely solve the agricultural society, the between the economic interests of the international exchange, so the Confucian culture, This is understandable. No, the problem is here, once the economic interests of the exchange is in which relatives of Hello are you confused about good, or out of interest. in real life, I see more hometown in Hunan, because the interests of the fight of the Confucian family, rather than the prominent family, highlighting the emotional sentimental relationship between the Confucian world. the kind of idealized Confucian world has not realized in China, from the internal logic may also be difficult to achieve. After all, in the Confucian culture inhibited the development of case material, food and clothing in 2000 not been resolved, so the spiritual and emotional world is really difficult to have knowledge of traditional Chinese civilization .<><> study of Chinese society on many remain in the classics, like a good read can understand the real China Classic Obviously, the social course of Confucian ethics sentimental, poetic, and true traditional Chinese society, while not society. Last year, Du Junlin students to assist the author in Beijing, Dandong, Xushui and three Henan Village - September Citylink, Niuzhuang, Songzhuang for a survey, random sample of around 300 people, where income levels and economic of course, is the highest degree of development of Beijing, Dandong City, the second, third Xushui County, nine Citylink, Niuzhuang, Songzhuang minimum. In modern society, gift giving is often symbolic, exchange of interests .<><> sample survey of six local result, Beijing and gift exchanges between the minimum lending, Dandong and Xu water, followed by rural people to borrow and gift exchanges between the most Therefore the latter is still a traditional society, and especially in rural areas, mainly in loans and gifts between relatives, relatives other than small, so in rural areas, between the interests of relatives are good, family, family is still the mutual assistance center .<><> When we asked them and said Beijing, 55% said measured by the total sample analysis found that the higher the income the same time bought a variety of urban finance and insurance are more likely to say > <> This shows that, like Beijing, Shanghai's developed cities, with the income to meet the needs of life insurance products also use the investment funds, the future of the couple arranged a number of economic risks, they more of home financial development is changing the culture of these societies. In contrast, in rural areas, family relations, economic transactions still the head, , where Confucian ethics need to maintain hidden economic transactions, so there is more to retain the Confucian values .<><>, the Chinese culture to the future will be what is it? is a step such as Beijing, Shanghai and other developed the community's cultural development, or to restore the Confucian tradition, back to the value of traditional village system? society and culture is difficult to design to the individual, but by the needs of the community decide. <> Financial Development of Western Culture <> <> To help understand the future direction of Chinese culture, we can look at the economic and financial development is how to promote individual rights, individual freedom status in Western culture. Today in Beijing, Shanghai and cultural differences with the rural Western culture is actually the difference today with the mapping of the past. West is not always to the individual as the center is the development of economic and financial gradually from their family and church liberation of economic dependence. <> < > Of course, to this day individuals have been dazzling variety of financial securities, and their functions for different purposes. To facilitate discussion, we have to life annuity (life annuity), for example, that individuals should be most important to avoid future risk One of the financial variety. think of the future is most uncertain how many will live in the end, is to live to 120 years old or 70 years? If alive today, according to the age of 70 to save money, and if to live to 120 years old, and that the remaining 50 years of income come from? If saving money by living to 120 years old, live 70 years if living, it is not saving too much? - the uncertainty of life very easy for themselves in old age become a burden on future generations, also lose their independence. Life Annuity is there to solve this problem, as long as the buyer to prove good health today, then he may purchase life annuity installments or a one-time, buy, investors in the 50-year-old ( can also be started from the other age groups) to obtain prior agreement before the death of the income year, such as the million has to pay this income to continue to the purchaser or the death of both husband and wife until the death. With this financial arrangement, the parents do not have to dependent on future financial support through his later years, do not worry they will not live too long, economic independence, personal freedom is clearly based .<><> democracy, freedom, thought and practice of the rule of law as early as in ancient Greece , appeared in Roman times, this is familiar history, but not necessarily familiar with the past, life insurance and annuities, and other varieties are also 2,000 years ago, borrowing the ancient Greek, Roman appeared and development. in accordance with CF Trenerry The Origin and Early History of Insurance , life insurance pricing table, that is the origin of actuarial mathematics. Thus, the ancient Greeks, Romans will be able to use these financial tools to achieve personal freedom. another type of mutual insurance for individuals, mutual trade in ancient Rome the rise of religious and other civil RCAs, which together would be through the contributions of many members of the set together, and then to the members of accidents encountered financial support .<><> but, interestingly, with the Roman Empire in 476 AD, the end of Europe into the so-called family to do the job. For example, from the 8th century to the 10th century, Germany, Belgium clan very well-developed, land is vested in the clan, clan property, and members of the individual members dedicated to circumvent the economic risk of this effect is to make family ;, allow individuals to lose their freedom and rights, a loss of individuality .<><> by Aaron Gurevich's argument is so 12th century Europeans to a lack of personality, if you see a group of figure paintings of that period, you will find that the above figures from the face to clothing, to their manners are completely the same, do not see any difference, no personality, reflected the spirit of the world can imagine .<><> from 12 shallow, the 13th century, Venice, Florence and other Italian city-states of the rapid development of business, which not only makes their per capita income growth, the challenge to get people out of food and clothing, but in the late 13th century life annuities, life insurance, dowry funds and other financial varieties again in Venice and other places, until the 14-15 century Italian Renaissance, awareness of individual rights to reproduce period, Western Europe has been considerable development of financial, freedom and rights for individuals to achieve financial means to provide initial support. <> < > all kinds of insurance, loans, bonds, investment products particularly in the 15,16 century, faster development, and spread to the Netherlands, France and, later, the United Kingdom. These increasingly sophisticated financial instruments as the beginning of the 17th century and the Enlightenment further development of individual freedom important economic foundation of modern democratic political system is in Europe, such a context the emergence of .<><> we see that if the interests of the trade from the replaced by the financial markets, which of course can reduce exchange for economic benefits to the ...