I China's foreign policy and national strategies should be setting policy and long-term strategy.
this point is a model called the Americans, do the best. the end of World War II, the United States on how to deal with the rise of Nazi Germany and fascist Japan, discussion, many Americans want to permanently undermine the militarism of these two rich traditions, aggressive country, American soldiers have questioned how to distinguish in Germany, The usual idea is to completely undermine each other, let each other's economic production capacity and the national spirit will be a devastating blow to no recovery. In view of the United States and Nazi Germany and Japan represent freedom and democracy and the war in a desperate struggle against fascism, and if the United States after World War II Germany and Japan, severe penalties are almost taken for granted. However, the later development of history is staggering, the two countries, the United States immediately after the defeat of two large-scale economic assistance to countries, the United States implemented the Marshall Plan not only to the two a defeated country a large number of blood transfusions, but also by the provisions of the post-war Bretton Woods system, not the U.S. dollar depreciation against the mark and the yen, on the contrary by Germany and Japan but the U.S. currency devaluation to increase exports. after the outbreak of the Korean War is sent to Germany and Japan a golden opportunity, the use of munitions of war requires a lot of the occasion to expand the production lines and production capacity, which brought the two countries had economic power of the road.
America species in a country where the beat for construction immediately there is a very clever idea and forward-looking, and it is very easy to do, which requires a state and a nation to overcome its inherent sense of revenge and revenge, to calm down from the long-term point of view of national strategic interests. the United States in the hands of the two defeated the United States in the world two great pieces on the chessboard, the U.S. reconstruction of Germany and Japan and the United States in terms of fostering the two countries have played an important historical role: (1) United States is worried, and the defeat of Germany and Japan are weakening will lead to loss of balance of power in Asia and Europe, France and China will become Asia and Europe's new power. U.S. global strategy in any one country do not want to become hegemonic countries in the region, so strongly opposed to weaken Germany and Japan, and even to enhance the economic strength of Germany and Japan to restrict the dominance of France and China. (2) re-let Germany and Japan, another important reason for a strong economy is the United States to use Germany to restrict the expansion of Soviet communism, and to restrict use of the Japanese Red China. Germany and Japan by becoming the forefront of anti-Communist country immediately into the enemy before the war the Allies after the war. (3) the development of the economy of Germany and Japan U.S. products provide important export market, after Germany and Japan catch up with the U.S. economy, but also for industrial upgrading and updating of the United States provides an important opportunity. (4) economic miracle in Germany and Japan played a display the subsequent disintegration of the Soviet Union and Eastern bloc played an important role. Japan's economic miracle also indirectly stimulate the reform and opening up of China, China to bid farewell to the planned economy and centralized system to move closer to the West. (5) off Germany and Japan States became the major source of finance, the United States is at war, the financial scarce, Germany and Japan are always able to provide a steady stream of financial assistance.
In short, the United States is not nationalism and nationalism from the standpoint of simple ethnic revenge, and rather take the pragmatic policy, under its global strategy for support and reconstruction of Germany and Japan, to seek the greatest national interest.
Another good strategy in foreign and national Pragmatism is the position taken by the Chinese Communist Party and after 1949 the new Chinese government. After the founding of New China under the leadership of our country first and the eastern part of the Soviet alliance camp in 1972, Chairman Mao Zedong and President Nixon met with China and in fact marks the western countries alliance. when China is in the prohibition, let alone have any contact with the Western world has. on a pan-ideological period, in fact, still in China and the U.S. state of war in the Vietnam War, Chairman Mao created through his grand strategy of China on the diplomatic front and the country's overall strategy of the new situation. At that time both countries and left wing left or right country and right forces, had failed to foresee the leadership of the Communist Party of China and the world's most powerful capitalist countries, both the United States each up to 20 years for the enemy country can dramatically improve bilateral relations. Sino-US diplomatic breakthrough tennis is refreshing to the world, the two sides in fact formed a quasi-alliance between the Soviet Union. China's rapidly out of the diplomatic isolation of the situation, and Western countries, including Japan and Western European countries established diplomatic relations, China to the world slowly ever since the drama started, until Deng Xiaoping came to power to promote the reform and opening up policy. It can be said that the era of Mao Zedong and the Chinese Communists visionary, did not let the frenzy was the ideology to interfere in the domestic China on the diplomatic front, China is quickly emerging grand strategy shift to an important reason for China and Japan concluded .1978 Political observers and critics were concerned about a major event. surprise is that so many people to each other as the enemy of two countries, was able to achieve reconciliation, peace and alliances to a new situation, this is indeed the visionary leaders of China and Japan feat. particularly given the end of World War II was only 30 years, and many painful historical memory is still clear that the Chinese leaders to move beyond the era of history, and creating new, really far-sighted, far-sighted. the Western media in Japan many reports of contracting is map layout and strategies are redefined, and between the major powers to reshuffle the cards, the new situation in international politics was born: the dilemma of China is surrounded by completely broken in the world in the strategic offensive in the Soviet social-imperialism but was the strategic situation surrounding the U.S. and China with Western Europe and Japan, the Soviet Union in fact constitute a strong strategic encirclement of the situation, the Soviet Union experienced an unprecedented strategic and geopolitical crisis, in an extremely unfavorable situation. The United States is a draw and the more experienced the Korean War defensive strategy of defeat in war, through the quasi-alliance with China a certain ease and recovery, is again in a favorable international strategic situation. This is a reflection from the then Soviet Union can be proved, the Soviet Union, TASS media criticism and attack on the strong Parties come for the Soviet Union, is unforgivable conspiracy against the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union is the official newspaper at great length against China, and published a large number of Japanese cartoons to satirize the alliance that the two yellow crazy nation with U.S. imperialism to anti- Su. follow Chairman Mao's view, the enemy is our opposition to support. the enemy is what we should be afraid of. the Soviet Union was hysterical attack is a reflection of intense anxiety and fear of the Soviet Union, China and Japan to improve relations between the Soviet Union Chuodao Empire of the pain.
Then again, if at the time Mao insisted to mention the implementation of reform and opening up policy and experience a new situation today, the peaceful rise of China. Historical experience tells us examples of Chinese and foreign, to seek the maximization of national interests, we must put the construction of the national grand strategy, diplomatic strategy decoupled from the development and ideology. We can not allow the extreme nationalism and populist ideology and ideology to interfere with any other national strategies, or their outcome is a national long-term interests are compromised. we should all principles and policies from the national pragmatism point of view, China's overall national strategy should refuse to kidnap a small number of extremist ideology, the purpose is to safeguard the interests of most citizens and the country as a whole. Specifically, in today's world, increasingly degraded into Our biggest political. Sino-Japanese relations in particular deserves our profound reflection. Since China and Japan in 1978, in that far away from the era of World War II to the conclusion of peace, were released the hatchet, creating a new situation in Sino-Japanese relations to There is no reason after the end of World War II nearly 60 years are still being kidnapped by the past history. If we are always immersed in the history of the past and painful memories, then we can not have a better tomorrow. Of course, the first thing not forget, avoid. Sino-Japanese relations to this point, the Japanese government, especially in Koizumi's personality and behavioral characteristics of individuals to bear the main responsibility. When the Japanese leaders have time and again for the Class A war criminals visit Yasukuni Shrine time to time and again hurt the Chinese people's feelings and provoke the Chinese and Japanese the most sensitive nerve. more complex, the United States step by step to tie the US-Japan alliance Japanese vehicles, so that Japan increasingly rightist increasingly difficult to improve Sino-Japanese relations. Indeed, there are many factors we can not completely dominant, we can not directly to Japan from the US-Japan alliance stretching back, but we must ask ourselves: our policies and our Japan-US alliance as to be more more solid or loose? our behavior and actions is beneficial for the majority of Japanese people is more and more common in the Japanese right wing into the front? we have room for improvement in order to fight the Japanese people? if we can the civil anti-Japanese slogans read Friends of the Chinese community with enough moral support? we are aware of the anti-Japanese frenzy of folk and intense anti-Japanese slogans in fact undermined the perception of Japanese people and indirectly support the extreme right-wing forces in Japan? We are conscious to the narrow nationalism to include into the left-wing parties, including Japan, also felt the Let our foreign and national strategies to maximize return to the position of national interests.
II primary and the secondary contradictions
Mao Zedong, enemy? Who are our friends? The problem is the most important issue the revolution rr. in fact friends and enemies in different historical periods are constantly changing. CCP's history and founding of New China's history are the hard facts prove that, whether it is friend or enemy is not eternal, but also in the specific historical conditions, are interchangeable, that is, friends may become enemies, enemies could become friends. This is a major problem and the secondary contradictions. If China can not correctly determine the different historical periods of the primary and the secondary contradiction, there will be victory and success of the Chinese revolution, if the new China was founded successive Chinese government according to the different needs of the times can not scientifically determine contradictions, greatest enemy, the Soviet Union at that time also the largest strategic threat. the Soviet Union in the long Sino-Soviet border million troops and threatened to attack China at any time, but also arrogant claim that the Soviet tank armies in the three days through the flat Beijing under attack to the Northeast China Plain. Soviet leaders have repeatedly threatened to bomb the Chinese equivalent of practical large attacks. The Chinese government fully to the Soviet military threat and the strategic threat such as a real and significant threat. When the principal contradiction Once established, the other becomes the secondary contradiction contradictions, China can rival the United States and an alliance of Western capitalist countries. Similarly, when the U.S. strategic judgments that the Soviet communist imperialism is the most important strategic contradictions in the United States, is US-led Western world's biggest threat to democracy and freedom, but also out of communist China as the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and the Soviet system and completely against each other and the object of effort to draw the United States, which is based on the global strategic situation the Americans the basic judgments. When the main enemy of the establishment, the minor is no longer so terrifying the enemy, and become the sentimental.
the United States in addition to the global strategic situation will be Each region will conduct a comprehensive integrated strategic judgments. For example, in Europe, the United Kingdom and Eastern Europe, the United States to use to contain Germany and France, to meet Europe's strategic balance. in the backyard of the United States to contain the Latin American Support of Argentina, Brazil, because Brazil area large population, can easily become the leader of the Latin American continent, the United States calculated that a strong support to contain the second most powerful countries in the region. In Asia, the United States and Japan will know that the leading countries in Asia, so when Japan is too powerful To suppress the limelight in Japan, and a little help to look at China, so China can not be too weak. such as reform and opening up in 1980 just when the thunder of the Japanese economy is healthy, there was momentum to overtake the United States, the United States has given China a lot of help, and through the Plaza Accord and forced to severely crack down on the Japanese yen. When China is strong, and relatively weak in Japan, the United States will have to support Japan, the strong US-Japan alliance, and the effort to draw power in India, Asia's third, to prevent China led the Asian continent to obtain the power status.
I appreciate Liu Yazhou General in his , but the Japanese brand. I believe that is the Licensing Board if the two countries if the two sides, the Taiwan card is equivalent to the U.S. Amy, Japan card is equivalent to the king of the United States. United States can play according to the different pace of development in China card out, when the U.S. beat Japan card, it said the U.S. strategy in the Asia Pacific region to determine significant changes, the United States that China's rise is already the most important strategic contradictions in the Asia Pacific region, it should be some relaxation of the Japanese. For Japan The degree of relaxation of the speed of China's rise is proportional to the faster rise of China, the more irresistible, the sooner the United States will reinforce the US-Japan military alliance, and further modify the post-war pacifist constitution of Japan the green light. But no matter how the United States to deregulation in Japan, the United States do not allow Japan to become an independent military power in world politics, because the United States knew the Japanese national spirit and character of the terrible, completely independent of Japan will not rule out backfire on the United States, the United States tasted the bitterness of self-inflicted. But the U.S. played Japan card issued to the Chinese a very dangerous signal, because after all, is the world's only superpower and the world's second economic power of the Union, which China's strategic situation will constitute a great threat, and extreme in a way to encourage Taiwan independence elements, so that in the downhill of the Taiwan independence movement has been stimulated, revived. before the period of time China has tried to persuade the United States concerned about the Japanese prime minister visited the Yasukuni Shrine and Japan's right wing to distort history, because history of World War II The challenge stands to reason that China is not only a challenge but also the challenges the United States, but the U.S. refused to intervene in the history of disputes between China and Japan. This again reflects the U.S. position: that is, once the win over Japan's main strategy to contain China a definite Japanese leaders to the Yasukuni Shrine issue of ginseng is to send a secondary contradiction, of course, Americans do not want to interfere.
I think the national character of Americans, Asians (especially Chinese, Japanese and Korean) of must be very thorough, that the Asian ethnic arrogance and self-centered, every nation wants to overwhelm other nations to become the overlord of the region. Asian countries complex historical, cultural, racial and ethnic conflict as the best American countries cut point. So do not pinning his hopes on the United States to mediate conflict in the history of Asian countries, the strategic interests of the United States is the largest Asian countries (Japan and South Korea North Korea) because of the continuing conflict in history go, the best extended to the 22 century, this conflict is not over, so The United States will always be to maintain the balance of terror. If so, the Asians will always be a dream of independence. Meanwhile, Americans will find every continent in the world corresponding Two dogs, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East Two dogs are the United States can use greatest asset.
United States to use the existing international political and economic world order and the current strategic situation, such as dollar hegemony, the World Bank and the IWF, the military hegemony, the continent's strategic balance and alliances to extract political and economic interests of the infinite , and such a system will continue for a long period of time. only to determine the world's major strategic contradictions in the world's major powers willing to surrender in such a system? If we cherish their historical mission in China, that China should become a well-deserved world power, and to build a new international political and economic order and multi-level structure, we should actively carry out an alliance, and the other two allied powers (Russia, France, Germany, Japan, India). In this sense that should not be weakened any of these two powerful, the world forces of a country if there should be weakened, it is that the United States. Therefore, the most important opponents is not our eastern neighbors, is not our Beibian neighbors, but the Pacific Ocean to the country,Bailey UGG boots, that heaven, earth and ocean all want to dominate the country.
III a new concept: I am not here to advocate the idea of a anti-Americanism. In fact, the reference to anti-American and anti-Japanese are equally harmful, is not rational, we can not also be not completely anti-American. of a policy in the rise of China promote the development of the world economy. If we want a comprehensive anti-American, do not buy American products, then the damage is not only the economic interests of American companies, it also undermines China's own interest, the number of large U.S. and multinational companies have moved production lines to China, the number of Chinese products exported to the United States each year, in the era of globalization, the state and national interests has long been intertwined, we can not even make it clear that a product that says Made in China China's products are fully . In addition, although people in many Western countries dislike Bush, but still has a strong dependence on the United States, and deep feelings, after all, the United States to European countries liberated from the Nazis, but also against the Soviet empire and the expansion of the European continent annexation and maintain a free and democratic way of life the world today, countries in Eastern Europe and the United States as a messianic liberator, which I have expressed understanding.
I want to spread a message is: We are not against the United States, more than U.S. system and values (the U.S. market economy, democratic politics, rule of law is an improvement model of course), we are against is the United States in many fields attempt to dominate the world. As covered in the democratic system as the basic reasoning: We are not assured of an individual and a group of people, but do not trust the right to prevent monopoly and dictatorship, which has checks and balances of democracy. Similarly, we do not is to check against a country, we are against the rights of any one country because of too great a monopoly, and then do whatever they want, and international mechanisms and International Law loss of the ability of any check and balance. In this way, then . But today the U.S. monopoly on the international rights of the sky, outer space, land and sea the monopoly of the world has lost a basic balance. The United States accounts for 5% of the world's population enjoy 30% of the world's energy, the United States a country The rest of the world military spending has exceeded the total military spending in 190 countries, the United States is actively seeking all the world's sea lanes and choke control, which again confirms the basic knowledge of democracy: the right will lead to no constraints from the corruption of the United States people are human beings, not gods, they also have common weaknesses of mankind, they also need to control and supervision.
back to the basic topic of this section, how do we form an alliance. in today's world of diversity and multi-level features to The traditional way to be a great challenge alliance. the world has long been the major market economies are dependent on international trade, let us rely on each other to form a common destiny. It is difficult to form an all-weather in the past, the exclusive alliances, such as the First World War and the various powers in World War II alliance between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization during the Cold War and Warsaw Pact alliances. These countries, once formed allies, is the political, economic and military full partners, the existence of a party committed to the elimination and allies elimination of the other party, both sworn, there is no compromise at all. for the purposes of today's international conditions, this alliance is basically not possible, in addition to the residual tail of the Cold War - US-South Korea military North Atlantic Treaty Organization outside the alliance, even the US-Japan alliance and the United States and Europe have also been very difficult to say weather the alliance. the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe changes so long ago lost the NATO common enemy and a loss, the United States and Europe within the U.S. and Japan's economic and Trade conflicts are in full swing, often occurring as evidenced by U.S. and European trade war.
So we have formed in China and other countries, such weather was little chance of an exclusive alliance, even if such an alliance formed, also to the whole New Cold War and World War II brought the world the shadow reminiscent before World War II Allies and the Axis of World War II US-Soviet antagonism and confrontation, which will definitely not meet the current world trend of peace and development in general, and to China benefit a great deal of damage to China's national image has brought significant negative effect of some of the Western world to sit right real person to promote the about a comprehensive alliance, then Russia will inevitably risk being isolated and hostile throughout the Western world, the risk, so that Western countries and Russia will lose the investment, technology, trade and markets, so that the two countries has been greatly hindered the process of modernization This is the situation of both countries want to see. and now regard the two countries economic ties with the Western world as a far more important than a relationship between the parties, so that the Sino-Russian alliance is impossible. Similarly, assuming that China and Japan, a comprehensive alliance, which indeed can change the map of the world economy, the productive forces of the two huge national yellow link, but it will sit in the implementation of the Huntington as, the national alliance against the Confucian culture of Western civilization, which brought great anxiety for the world and the shadow, it will also harm the interests of both countries. If Russia or Iran, OPEC together to form comprehensive exclusive alliance, which is in the proof of Huntington's clash of civilizations theory, although Russia is also a Christian civilized country, but it is embraced by the Orthodox Christian offshoot m, Western Christian and Catholic countries generally see Russia as class.
so I want to propose a new concept, that is the question-type alliance. Today the world is no longer a simple concept of alliance alliance (such as communism - capitalism), nor is the alliance among civilizations and cultures (such as Confucianism Christ in the Islamic civilization, the Jewish civilization, etc.), life and death is no longer the exclusive traditional military alliance (the Allies - Axis), but a complex alliance. This alliance is a multi-level and three-dimensional , according to different topics and issues can be diverse countries permutations and combinations, form different alliances. so I called the topic-type alliance alliance. such as in accordance with the economic issues between countries could form a consortium, but such an alliance is not to eliminate the other for the purpose of an alliance, but mainly to safeguard the economic interests within the Union (eg EU, ASEAN, Economic Cooperation and Development); in accordance with the political issues can also form alliances with countries (such as commitment to issues of African Unity, the African Unity organizations); in accordance with the energy issues of the alliance between oil-producing countries (such as the Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC); base geo-political and anti-terrorism alliance relationships (such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization); committed to regional economic communication Union ( such as APEC APEC). In some areas the two countries may confront an issue it is actually in another allied countries, such as China and the U.S. both geopolitical conflict, the siege and anti-siege, but also economic cooperation and alliances. especially with the more powerful the Chinese economy, the United States and China in various cooperation on economic issues more and more, but that does not mean that the United States and China in Central Asia and Iran will give up the geopolitical political competition, on the contrary, the two sides on this issue will be more intense struggle. Both the contrary, the seemingly contradictory development will exist long.
Therefore, in the era of globalization, no comprehensive enemy, there is no all-weather friends, everything will depend on the issues and set, which requires us alliance with other countries should also change accordingly.
IV direction and strategy of China's alliance
I will be here from China and the Regional Security and establishment of a global political and economic order of the angle of the next 15 to 20 years of China's grand strategy. From these two point of view, the most current major conflicts we face in our U.S. geopolitical squeeze on the survival of us face crisis (such as Iran and Central Asia) and the United States on the global political and economic structure dominated by the formation of a monopoly situation. The author's specific strategic thinking is:
(1) strong Russian
the United States as the world's unique superpowers and the Soviet Union after the Cold War era is the most important strategic event that reshaped the global strategic situation and the new geopolitical forms. Russia's historic weakness to Russia experienced an unprecedented geopolitical catastrophe, the strategic Eurasian chessboard borders were redrawn, Russia lost an important strategic location. China has in some profits from the Soviet Union, the Chinese border through the conclusion of a peace treaty with Russia, northern China was a serious threat to the strategic situation can change, and China is also able to enter Central Asian countries to seek China's economic interests. In particular, the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Central Asia marks China as a major player in Iran.
Russia's weakness, but also to the global strategic balance pattern was broken, the United States to impunity to the black hole region of the continent of Asia and the Balkans region to intervene in the name of fighting terrorism has been quietly Americans into Afghanistan and Central Asia, to China's strategic exports - Great Western serious geopolitical threat, as the thorn in the side. the United States Europe through NATO's eastward expansion has reached the border of NATO Baltic states (Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia), Russia experienced a catastrophe after Geo through aggressive strategic encirclement of NATO. instigation of Europe and even the color of Ukraine's revolution, so that The birthplace of Russian culture and spirit away from Russia. Russia's nothing to lose, but not lose the Ukraine, Russia, Ukraine lost its hard to say he is still a European country, Russia has become a mental disability in the country. Europe even want to Russia and Belarus to start same kind of paper, completely deprived of Russia as a world power crippled a little dignity.
the new historical conditions, we should be acutely aware of: the continued weakness does not meet the Russian national interests of China. Some of China analysis of nationalism and ethnic revenge from the standpoint of doctrine, history, claimed that Russia is largest country in the territory of China, Russia, China to swallow like a whale lost most of the territory of Siberia and Central Asia, and the planning of the Outer Mongolia independent. on China to said that Russia is second only to harm the country of Japan, so China should be adding insult to injury, took the opportunity to weaken Russia, China can recover lost territory a lot. It was also from the simple countries bordering each other, China's possible. China should weaken the link distant to near European Russia, to maximize geopolitical interests, to permanently reduce aggressive Russia, a new era seems distant skyrocketing in recent attacks.
these two views are completely Estimation of right and wrong is not the current situation. If this article about the beginning of history should not be forgotten, but should not interfere with our grand strategy today. When the main contradiction is confirmed (the United States to dominate the Eurasian chessboard and the world), other contradictions become secondary contradiction (historical issues between China and Russia), we must not allow the issue to interfere with our past existence today. Think of interdependent truth it, Yuguo Guo Jun sake of small benefits to route through to attack Guo Jin, with the demise of the results of the two countries. China and Russia will certainly not be destroyed today, but will be weakened, subversion, separatism and decomposition. When the Russians are split into more countries and the complete loss of world powers and the status of players, then the world The United States may be given to some sweeteners in China, and will put all the targeting of China, the dismemberment of China's strategic plan. Consider right wing in Japan and Taiwan independence elements discussed in the pole is divided into seven countries of China, for China be no distant look at Sino-Russian relations in recent attack is disregard the changing circumstances, use the past to analyze the logic of today's problems. U.S. military projection capabilities has long been beyond the simple geopolitical past, many of the Eurasian continent, far from the borders of the country into the United States forces in their own country extension, ...
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